Category Archives: Evidence Based Model & Improving Schools

Comprehensive Wyoming Adequacy Study

In 2020, the Wyoming Legislature once again asked Picus Odden & Associates to conduct a comprehensive school finance adequacy study for the state. Wyoming law requires the state to “recalibrate” its school funding formula every five years.  Picus Odden & Associates conducted the recalibrations in 2005, 2010 and 2015.  For 2020, in addition to updating the Wyoming Evidence-Based Funding Model, we conducted ten case studies of improving and high performing schools and a comprehensive study of special education and how it is funded in Wyoming.

The Wyoming EB Adequacy Study 2020 report reflects the most current version of the EB Model including how it was tailored specifically for school level resources in Wyoming. The model makes multiple adjustments for small school and district student size. 

The Wyoming Case Studies of Improving Schools 2020 includes case studies of 10 schools. One very high performing school with a large concentration of students from low-income backgrounds is included in the case studies, along with cases of small (around 100 students), medium and large size (a 2000 student high school) improving schools.  The results show a high degree of similarity between the programs and strategies resourced by the EB Model and the strategies used by these Wyoming schools. 

Wyoming provides 100 percent reimbursement for the costs of special education services.  The Wyoming Special Education Report 2020, conducted under subcontract by the District Management Group, assesses how special education services are typically provided in Wyoming, comments on the effectiveness of those strategies, and includes suggestions for how over time the state can both enhance the effectiveness of special education services and reduce their costs.  One major recommendation in the report is to reduce the use of paraprofessional staff to provide academic support and increase the use of content-expert teachers to provide that academic extra help. 

Because of COVID 19, the bulk of the case studies and special education studies were conducted remotely via Zoom sessions, as were the meetings with the interim Select Committee on School Finance Recalibration.

Investing So Schools Work

Recognizing the need for new estimates on how much school funding is adequate for Pennsylvania school districts, Philadelphia-based Research for Action commissioned Picus Odden & Associates to use the Evidence-Based Model to determine if three districts had adequate funding, in a project called Investing-So-Schools-Work. Using the core EB recommendations, we found evidence of inadequate state funding in each participating district:

  • Butler Area School District — 16% adequacy gap
  • Chambersburg Area School District — 17% adequacy gap
  • Upper Darby School District — 22% adequacy gap

We concluded that “If such funds were provided and used as the [model] indicates, the state could reasonably expect significant overall improvements in student achievement and reductions in the achievement gaps linked to student demographics.”

Illinois School Funding

Recently, Illinois began providing state aid to local school districts using the new school finance system the state adopted during the 2017 legislative session. Illinois calls the new system its Evidence-Based Funding Model as it closely follows our firm’s EB recommendations.  Former Allan Odden Ph.D. student Michell Mangan, now an associate professor at Concordia University, who helped develop the  system, has been appointed to a Review Panel to assess the implementation and impact of the new funding system.

Maryland Adequacy Study

Picus Odden & Associates, under subcontract with Augenblick Palaich and Associates, has just completed an Evidence-Based adequacy study for Maryland.  The study includes 12 case studies of improving and high performance schools.

The case studies can be found in the Resources tab of this website.  Chadwick Elementary is a fascinating case of a high poverty, high ELL school performing at very high levels.

EB Document for Vermont’s Judgment Panel

Draft EB Analysis for review by Vermont’s professional judgment panels. To be reviewed on November 10-11th by Vermont’s professional judgment panels. Final report due in January, 2016.

Picus Odden Kentucky Adequacy Study Released

On December 7-8, 2014 the Picus Odden and Associates’ adequacy study prepared for the Kentucky Council for Better Education, a consortium of 168 Kentucky public school districts, was released at the winter conference of the Kentucky Association of School Superintendents. Though the study calls for increased funding, Tom Shelton, Chair of CBE and a Kentucky superintendent, said the importance of the study was that, “It is a model of what it takes to have a successful school. This is about improving the investment Kentucky makes in its public schools.” Shelton, and Mike Goetz, senior associate with Picus Odden and Associates who conducted the study, also briefed legislators, the governor and other Kentucky policy makers on December 9.

The study was mentioned in two press articles:

http://www.kentucky.com/2014/12/09/3584821_proposed-new-formula-for-funding.html?rh=1

http://www.kyforward.com/our-schools/2014/12/09/group-proposes-new-funding-system-focused-on-resources-each-school-needs-for-success/

 

More Rural School Improvement

The Peninsula K-8 School in coastal Maine is another fascinating case of rural school improvement.  A product of multiple district’s consolidating, this new school opened in 2009; about 2/3 of its students qualify for free and reduced price lunch (FRL).

Among other strategies, it has a common reading and math curriculum K-8, organizes teachers into collaborate work groups, and has a “watch” list for any student performing in the bottom half, who first get individual tutoring, then small group tutoring, and then extended day and summer school extra help. Results are especially impressive for the FRL students.

Another Impressive Example of Rural School Improvement

Etna-Dixmont PK-8 School served 256 students in grades PK-8 during the 2013-2014 school year. The school is located in a mid-Maine rural community that has experienced economic decline as mills, a tannery and a large MBNA calling center exited the area over the past decade.

As a result, the unemployment and poverty rates are high.  Sixty-eight percent of students qualify for free or reduced priced lunch, a number that has been on the rise in recent years, even though school enrollments have held steady.

Despite these conditions, student performance has improved dramatically in several subject areas and multiple grade levels.  This case tells how Etna-Dixmont made these impressive performance gains.

Rural School Improvement

Most cases of schools that dramatically improve student performance profile urban or suburban schools.  Central Aroostook Jr High School is located in rural, northern Maine, up close to the Canadian border.  What the school has done is fascinating, and reflects the strategy for improvement that is embedded in the firm’s Evidence-Based adequacy model.

How to Boost Student Learning

Odden’s 2009 book, Ten Strategies for Doubling Student Performance, Corwin Press, provides another articulation of how such resources can be transformed into school improvement strategies that boost student learning and close achievement gaps.

            Our many studies of individual schools in states across the country provide additional examples.  The following are good exemplars:

            Abbottsford Elementary School (Wisconsin)

            Colchester High School (Vermont)

            Monroe Elementary School (Wisconsin)

            Montgomery Elementary School (Vermont)

            White River Elementary School (Vermont)

For additional cases, see Chapter 1 of Allan Odden and Sarah Archibald, Doubling Student Performance …. and finding the resources to do it, Corwin Press (2009).